What is an electric motor

Electric motors are usually called"motor"It is a device used to convert the electrical energy generated by current into mechanical energy such as rotational motion. Simply put, it is a device that consumes electricity to obtain power.

Electric motors use electricity conveniently and efficiently. As a driving device, they can not only achieve high output, but also be easily miniaturized and assembled into various devices and equipment. Therefore, they are widely used in various fields of industry and life.

The principle of electric motor

Do you remember what you learned in school"Fleming's left-hand rule"Is that okay? The motor utilizes this principle that when current flows through a coil in a magnetic field, the force generated causes the motor shaft to rotate.
In the situation shown in the figure below, when the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the magnet^*When flowing in the direction of, according to Fleming's left-hand rule, an upward force will be generated.

• *

Magnetic field: Magnetic force fromNExtreme toSThe space where extreme effects occur.

The mechanism of motor rotation

For example, DC brushed motors^*1By utilizing this force, a mechanism is employed to switch the current in the opposite direction when the coil rotates half a turn (brush and commutator)^*2）Make the motor shaft rotate continuously.

• *1

DC motor: a motor that uses DC power supply.

• *2

Electric brush and commutator: When used in combination, the direction of current can be switched every time the motor shaft rotates half a turn.

Background of the birth of electric motors

Although manynineteenScientists of the century were involved in the invention and development of electric motors, but among them, the most influential was the algorithm. He is inone thousand eight hundred and twenty-oneIn the year, the experiment of using a magnetic field generated by electric current and a magnet to rotate a guide wire was successfully completed. And subsequentlyone thousand eight hundred and thirty-oneIn the year, the principle of electromagnetic induction was discovered, creating conditions for the leapfrog development of electric motors and generators.

Afterwards, various types of prime movers were studied, and a mechanism known as the prototype of a DC motor emerged.

In the end, inone thousand eight hundred and seventy-twoyear"discover"Instead of"invent"A practical electric motor. At the Vienna World Expo, a generator on display was mistakenly connected to another generator and began to rotate, proving that the mechanism of a generator can also be used for electric motors. Later on, the practical application of generators quickly became popular, and intwentyThe century has supported the development of numerous industries.

Motors and generators

Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy such as rotational force, while generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
That is to say, although the functions of these two devices are opposite, their structures and mechanisms are roughly the same. In fact, the conclusion that electric motors can be directly used as generators can be easily verified by connecting two models and conducting experiments with motors.
Of course, these two devices were originally developed for different purposes and have evolved to this day.

Classification of Electric Motors

Electric motors have various forms based on factors such as the flow of current, the arrangement of coils (windings), and the method of generating magnetic fields. Therefore, there are also many classification methods.
Here, we are familiar with the commonly used fields in industry and daily lifethreeExplain the type of motor.

DCMotor (DC motor)

A motor powered by a DC power source for rotation. According to the electric brush^*1The presence or absence of can be classified into DC brushed motors and brushless motors（BLDC）.
DC brushed motors only need to be connected to a DC power source to rotate, while brushless motors also need to be equipped with rotor detection devices^*2Sensor for magnetic pole position and driving circuit (driver) for generating appropriate current

• *1

Electric brush: a component used in combination with a commutator.

• *2

Rotor: The rotating part of a motor. That is, the motor shaft.

ACMotor (AC motor)

A motor powered by an AC power source for rotation. The AC power supply used is based on single-phase^*1Three phase^*2Classification.
Furthermore, single-phase motors can also be divided into using capacitors^*3To obtain the rotational force of a capacitor motor and use a coil called a covered pole coil^*4A covered pole motor with auxiliary coils (windings).

• *1

Single phase: mainly used for general household AC motors.

• *2

Three phase: mainly used for AC motors in the industrial field.

• *3

Capacitor: An electronic component that stores electrical energy.

• *4

Shielded coil: a short-circuit coil wound around a portion of the stator core.

stepper motor

According to the pulse signal^*1A motor that intermittently rotates at a constant rotation angle. Including using magnets as rotors^*2ofPMtype^*3And using iron coresVRtype^*4A hybrid type that combines magnets and iron cores.

• *1

Pulse signal: a signal generated by repeatedly switching the power supply.

• *2

Rotor: The rotating part of a motor. That is, the motor shaft.

• *3

PMType:Permanent Magnet TypeThe abbreviation. That is to say, permanent magnet type.

• *4

VRType:Variable Reluctance TypeThe abbreviation. By using a gear shaped iron core, the rotation angle can be finely set.

Summary of motor classification

The table below summarizes the abovethreeCharacteristics of electric motors.

In addition, besides the above-mentioned motors, there are also the following types of motors

The purpose of the motor

The use of motors is very extensive, and here we will only introduce which fields the DC brushless motor and stepper motor provided by Shinano Silk are suitable for.

The purpose of brushless DC motor

DC brushless motors are characterized by their small size, high power, low vibration, low noise, and long lifespan. They are widely used in various fields such as air conditioning equipment (air conditioners, air purifiers, etc.), residential equipment, refrigerators, water heaters, vending machines, copiers, printers, projectors, commercial equipment, measuring instruments, automobiles, medical equipment, etc.

• air conditioning equipment

• Financial terminal（ATM）Change machine, currency exchange machine, ticket vending machine

• residential equipment

• clean room

• Water heater, burner unit

• Optical Products

• vending machine

• printer

• Frozen and refrigerated display cabinets

• copier

• Health equipment

• Commercial Equipment

• Testing analyzer

The purpose of stepper motor

Stepper motors have high stopping accuracy, high torque at medium and low speeds, and sharp responsiveness, making them suitable as power sources for various drive systems that require high-precision control.

• Manufacturing device

• Optical disc drive（Blu-ray/DVDEtc.)

• medical equipment

• laser printer

• Inspection and analysis equipment

• digital camera

• ATM

• Air conditioning air guide plate

• vending machine

• Game Device

• Ticket vending machine

• copier

• robot

Solving customer problems through motors

We not only provide individual motor units, but also system products ranging from drive and control systems to mechanism design for the motors of Espana.
We provide a range of services from trial production to mass production and after-sales support.
We will provide the best solution according to the functions and performance required by various industries, uses, and customer products, in conjunction with the customer's production system.

We not only provide services for customers with clear needs and specifications, but also offer support from development to mass production for customers who encounter various difficulties. Please feel free to inquire.

I don't know what kind of motor is needed

• "We are still in the early stages of new product development and have not yet produced specific specifications and design drawings. But in order to accelerate the future development process, we hope to receive some suggestions on the motor aspect."

• "There are no experts proficient in motors in the company, and there is a lack of motor knowledge required to achieve ideal operation."

The comprehensive design of the motor and its surrounding parts is too difficult

• "We want to invest our company's resources into product planning and the design and development of core technologies. Is there any company that can fully undertake the design and development of motors and their surrounding parts in addition to this?"

• "Modifying the motor requires modifying the design of other structural components, which may require a lot of time and effort."

There are no products that meet the intended use in the existing products

• "We wanted to find customized motors designed based on our company's products, but were rejected by the cooperating motor manufacturer."

• "We want precise control of the motor, but the existing motor does not support it. Can we just give up?"